Testicular/Scrotal Pain

Testicular or scrotal pain can sometimes indicate a serious condition—such as testicular torsion—and should be evaluated promptly. Because there are a range of possible causes, an accurate diagnosis is essential to ensure appropriate treatment.

At Urological Associates of Savannah, our team has extensive experience diagnosing and treating conditions that lead to testicular and scrotal pain. Through thorough evaluation and, when necessary, timely medical or surgical intervention, we work to identify the underlying cause and provide effective relief as quickly as possible.

Questions and Answers

What is Testicular/Scrotal Pain?

Testicular or scrotal pain refers to any discomfort occurring in the testicles, which are located within the scrotum. Because the testicles are housed in the scrotal sac, the terms testicular pain and scrotal pain are often used interchangeably. This discomfort can range from mild to severe and may develop gradually or occur suddenly, sometimes alongside other symptoms.

Men experiencing testicular or scrotal pain may also notice:

  • Warmth in the scrotum
  • Redness or irritation of the skin
  • Blood in the urine (hematuria)
  • Penile discharge

These symptoms can be associated with conditions such as testicular torsion, infection, or inflammation. Because some of these issues require prompt medical attention, it is important to seek evaluation as soon as symptoms arise.

What Causes Testicular Pain?

There are many potential causes of testicular or scrotal pain. Some are related to inflammation or infection, while others involve structural changes or blockages within the reproductive or urinary system. Common causes include:

  • Epididymitis: Inflammation of the epididymis, the tube behind the testicle that stores and carries sperm
  • Inguinal hernia: When part of the intestine pushes through a weak area in the abdominal wall into the groin
  • Testicular torsion: A medical emergency in which the testicle twists and cuts off its blood supply
  • Orchitis: Inflammation of one or both testicles
  • Prostatitis: Inflammation of the prostate gland
  • Severe urinary tract infections (UTIs)
  • Kidney stones: Pain may radiate from the kidney to the groin or testicle
  • Hydrocele: A buildup of fluid around the testicle
  • Spermatocele: A fluid-filled cyst near the testicle
  • Varicocele: Enlarged veins in the scrotum, similar to varicose veins
  • Sexually transmitted infections (STIs): Such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, or syphilis

In some cases, testicular pain may also result from injury. Blunt trauma—such as a sports injury, fall, or accident—can cause bruising, swelling, and significant discomfort. In rare instances, severe trauma may lead to testicular rupture, which involves tearing of the protective tissue surrounding the testicle and requires immediate medical attention.

How Do You Diagnose Testicular/Scrotal Pain?

Diagnosis of testicular or scrotal pain begins with a thorough medical history and physical examination. Your specialist will ask about your symptoms, when the pain started, and whether you have had any recent injuries, infections, or other related health concerns.

Laboratory testing is often used to help identify the cause. This may include a urinalysis and blood tests to check for infection or other abnormalities. If penile discharge is present, a urethral swab may be recommended to evaluate for possible sexually transmitted infections.

Imaging studies may also be used to gain a clearer view of the testicles and surrounding structures. These can include ultrasound, CT scans, or other specialized imaging to help detect conditions such as testicular torsion, infection, or structural abnormalities.

How Do You Treat Testicular Pain?

Treatment for testicular or scrotal pain depends on the underlying cause. In some cases, medications such as antibiotics may be prescribed to treat infections. In others, additional interventions—including procedures or surgery—may be necessary to address structural issues or more serious conditions.

Many causes of testicular pain can be effectively treated, especially when evaluated early. Prompt medical attention is key to ensuring an accurate diagnosis and appropriate care, helping protect long-term health. If you are experiencing persistent or severe pain, seeking a medical evaluation is an important first step toward relief and recovery.