Testicular Cancer

What are the Types of Testicular Cancer?

More than 90% of testicular cancers originate in germ cells, the cells responsible for producing sperm. However, there are different types of germ cells, as well as other cell types within the testicles where cancer can develop.

The type of cell in which the cancer begins determines the specific form of testicular cancer. Each type behaves differently in terms of growth rate, likelihood of spreading, and the age group it most commonly affects. Identifying the exact cancer type is essential for guiding treatment decisions and selecting the most appropriate care plan.

What Symptoms Develop Due to Testicular Cancer?

The most common early sign of testicular cancer is a lump or swelling in one of the testicles. Some men may also notice changes such as enlargement, firmness, or discomfort. Because these changes can often be detected physically, regular self-exams may help identify potential concerns at an early stage.

Any change in the size, shape, or consistency of a testicle should be evaluated by a healthcare provider. For example, one testicle may feel harder, become larger, or appear noticeably different from the other.

Additional symptoms can include a dull ache or чувство of heaviness in the lower abdomen or groin. In some cases, certain types of testicular cancer may produce hormones that lead to breast tenderness or enlargement. If the condition advances, symptoms such as swelling in one or both legs may occur. Prompt medical evaluation is important whenever any of these signs are present.

How is Testicular Cancer Treated?

If you are diagnosed with testicular cancer, your physician will work closely with you to develop a personalized treatment plan and guide you through each stage of care. Early discussions may also include important considerations such as fertility preservation, including options like sperm banking.

Surgery is often the first step in treatment. Depending on the type and stage of cancer, additional therapies such as chemotherapy or radiation may be recommended to address cancer that has spread or to reduce the risk of recurrence. Testicular cancer is highly treatable, especially with a coordinated, multidisciplinary approach.

In more advanced cases requiring high-dose chemotherapy, supportive treatments may be used to help protect the body’s ability to produce healthy blood cells. This can include collecting and preserving stem cells prior to treatment and reintroducing them afterward to support bone marrow recovery.

If you have concerns about testicular cancer or need evaluation, consulting with a urology specialist is an important step toward receiving timely, effective care.